Panorama of Field BC, Kicking Horse River, Mt Stephen, & Mt Dennis
Panorama of Field BC, Kicking Horse River, Mt Stephen, & Mt Dennis

The History of Yoho National Park and the Discovery of the Burgess Shale

Yoho National Park was established In 1886, as Canada’s second national park. This occurred only twenty eight years after the first European, James Hector, laid eyes on the area. The tiny Yoho National Park encompassed only 26 square kilometres at the base of Mount Stephen. The park was subsequently expanded four more times before the current-day boundaries were established.

In 1884, the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the Kicking Horse Valley where it established the town of Field. The railway opened the valley to tourists, adventurers, and scientists, including R.G. McConnell, a geologist with the Geological Survey of Canada. In early September 1886, McConnell climbed the flank of Mt. Stephen where he discovered a rich fossil bed 520 metres (1,700 feet) above Field.

Many scientific discoveries are contentious, and McConell’s discovery of the fossil bed was no exception. Otto Klotz, also claimed to be the first to discover the Mount Stephen Trilobite fossil beds. For many years, fossils had been found at the valley bottom by First Nations peoples, railroad workers, and prospectors. Klotz correctly assumed that the source of the fossils was from higher up the mountain. Due to physical limitations he decided not to make the arduous trek up the mountain, and sent his cook instead. It was his cook – who’s name is lost to history – that discovered the fossil site. Whether the cook or McConnell was first to discover the site, we will likely never know.

In the early 1900s, Charles Doolittle Walcott came to study Yoho’s trilobites. In 1909, while searching for other fossil sites, Walcott discovered the well-preserved soft-bodied fossils of the Burgess Shale on the ridge between Wapta Mountain and Mount Field. Here he excavated fossils over many field seasons. The site is eponymously named, the Walcott Quarry
 
Today, the value of Yoho National Park lies in its conservation. By reading the messages in the mountains, the climate record and the fossils, the visitor can reflect upon the history of our planet and come away with a heightened sense of awareness.
 
Revised for web format from “A Geoscience Guide to the Burgess Shale” by Murray Coppold and Wayne Powell, a Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation publication. To purchase this book, please go to: the Yoho National Park Visitors Centre, Alpine Book Peddlers, Amazon.ca, or Amazon.com.

 

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